Гипермаркет знаний>>Английский язык>>Английский язык 8 класс>> A book that is worth burning is worth reading. Grammar Страдательный залог

 
Особенности употребления страдательного залога

Одной конструкции в действительном залоге в английском языке могут соответствовать две конструкции в страдательном залоге, то есть прямое п косвенное дополнение действительного залога могут стать подлежащими страдательного залога со следующими глаголами:

to give smb smth / smth to smb — давать кому-либо что-либо / что-либо кому-либо
to send smb smth / smth to smb — посылать кому-либо что-либо / что-либо кому-либо
to pay smb smth / smth to smb — платить кому-либо что-либо / что-либо кому-либо
to promise smb smth / smth to smb — обещать кому-либо что-либо / что-либо кому-либо
to offer smb smth / smth to smb — предлагать кому-либо что-либо / что-либо кому-либо to leave — оставлять
to show smb smth / smth to smb — показывать кому-либо что-либо / что-либо кому-либо
to tell smb smth / smth to smb — рассказывать кому-либо что-либо / что-либо кому-либо

Рассмотрим предложение в действительном залоге:
The teacher gave him a book. — Учитель дал ему книгу.
В этом предложении два дополнения him и a book,

him — косвенное дополнение, так как отвечает на вопрос кому?

a book — прямое дополнение, так как отвечает на вопрос что?
Оба эти дополнения могут стать подлежащими предложений в страдательном залоге.



1    Express the same idea in a different way.

Model: I was sent a letter. — A letter was sent to me.

1.    Mother was promised a holiday.
2.    Kate is being shown a new flat now.
3.    We have already been shown this film.
4.    Granny will be offered a ticket to the theatre.
5.    I was told a joke.
6.    Rob was sent a note.
7.    Some food was left for her.

2    Express the same idea using two possible passive constructions.

Model: Mary left a letter for them. — The letter was left  for them. / They were left a letter.

1.    The librarian offered him a very good book.
2.    Mother gives me fruit and sandwiches for lunch every day.
3.    Peter told his children a lot of interesting things about wild animals.
4.    Father promised them a dog.
5.    The newspaper paid Bill Gates a lot of money.
6.    A friend offered her help.
7.    My grandmother gave me some very good advice.

3    Listen to the words and expressions and repeat them after the speaker.

to ban smth — запрещать что-либо
to contain smth — содержать что-либо
to destroy smth — разрушать что-либо
to be worth doing something — быть стоящим чего-то
inquisition — инквизиция
rare — редкий
spirit — дух
Nazi ['na:tsi] — нацист, нацистский

4    Listen to the conversation and answer the question: Why were books burned in the past?
Read the conversation and mark the sentences below true or false. Support your answers with the facts from the dialogue.


In the library

Librarian: Hello, what do you have here?
Rob:       It's our family history manuscript. We want to give it to the school library as a present.
Librarian: That's very kind of you. It's a very rare book. But unfortunately, the library can't pay you for it.
Mark:      Don't worry about it. It's a present. Please look after it. Some people want to steal it.
Librarian: I'll send it to the Manuscript Collection. Is that good enough?
Misha:     What kind of collection is that?
Librarian: It's the place where the most rare old books are kept. Some of the books are very rare.
               And some of them were saved from fire.
Rob:        What are you talking about? Who can burn a book?
Librarian: In history it has happened more often than you think. When armies conquered new
               lands and continents, they not only destroyed the buildings or killed people. It was more important to destroy the memory of a nation and the national spirit.
Mark:       I remember books were burned in Europe at the time of the Inquisition.
Librarian: That's true. In medieval Europe books were often burned because someone decided
               that they contained dangerous ideas. In fact, those ideas were simply new and different,
               but people were afraid of them.
Misha:     You're right, awful things used to happen. But it was a long time ago.
Librarian:  I'm afraid people haven't got much better since then. Books were burned in Nazi
               Germany and that was about seventy years ago. In fact, in a lot of countries books
               are still burned nowadays.
Mark:      You're joking!
Librarian: No, it's true. And there are a lot of books that are not burned, but banned.
              That's very sad too.
Rob:       But why?
Librarian: For the same reason. Books have new ideas that wake people up. But they say, a book
              that is worth burning is worth reading.

1.    Books are burned to destroy the national spirit.
2.    Books are burned to make them popular.
3.    Books are burned because people don't like old ideas.
4.    Nowadays books aren't burned anymore.
5.    Books that are worth burning are worth reading.
6.    Books are burned because they wake people up.

5    Answer the questions. Use the passive constructions.

Model:  Did Misha, Mark and Rob show the manuscript to the librarian?
          - Yes, they did. The manuscript was shown to the librarian.

1.    Did Misha, Mark and Rob give the family manuscript to the librarian?
2.    Did the librarian pay them for the manuscript?
3.    Did Misha, Mark and Rob tell the librarian the truth about the book?
4.    Did the librarian send the book to the special collection?

6    Discuss the following questions: Are books worth reading or are they a waste of time? Why? Use the words and expressions below.

1.    It takes a lot of time to read a book.
2.    Books contain new ideas.
3.    Books can wake people up.
4.    Books are the memory of the nation.
5.    Books are boring.
6.    You can learn a lot from books.
7.    Books give a lot of information.
8.    Books are written in different languages.
9.    Computers are faster and contain more information.
10.   Books that were written a long time ago are not interesting anymore.

Homework

A Rewrite the sentences. Use the expression "worth doing...".

Model: It's a very boring book. I don't recommend you to read it. —
           This book isn't worth reading.

1.    It's a good film. I recommend you  to watch it.
2.    Skiing is dangerous. I don't recommend you  to do it.
3.    Chinese food is delicious. I recommend you to try it.
4.    Red Square is one of the most beautiful places in Moscow. I recommend you  to visit it.

В Translate the sentences into English.

1.    Эту книгу стоит почитать.
2.    Этот фильм стоит посмотреть.
3.    Эту еду стоит попробовать.
4.    Его не стоит приглашать.

К. И. Кауфман, М. Ю. Кауфман Английский язык: Счастливый английский.ру / Happy English.ru: Учебник англ. яз. для 8 кл. общеобраз. учрежд.— Обнинск: Титул, 2008.— 288 с: ил.

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